Podcast Episode Summary: 

In this episode, the team from Endless Biotech, represented by Gary Holland and Teddy Pillay, joins the Pipp Horticulture podcast to share a transparent look into their cultivation journey. They discuss the evolution of their internal systems, the importance of flexibility and data in refining operations, and how team culture plays a critical role in maintaining both productivity and morale. Gary and Teddy highlight their collaborative mindset - openly sharing knowledge with other growers and emphasize their appreciation for the support and technology provided by Pipp and their vertical racking systems. The conversation underscores a shared mission between Endless and Pipp to raise the bar for the industry through education, innovation, and community, closing with mutual gratitude and a commitment to ongoing partnership.

Endless Biotech, represented by Gary and Teddy, shares insights into their operations, innovations, and lessons learned as a cultivator using vertical farming systems.

Gary highlights the company’s approach to evolving SOPs, adapting to automation, and continuously refining processes through trial and error and internal feedback.

Teddy emphasizes the importance of culture, clear communication, and team cohesion in maintaining high performance and avoiding burnout.

Both reps underscore the value of data-driven decision making and being proactive rather than reactive in their grow operations.

The group discusses how Endless Biotech collaborates with other growers and vendors (like Pipp), and how a shared commitment to transparency and learning helps lift the entire industry.

Gary and Teddy express deep appreciation for their relationship with Pipp Horticulture, citing the impact of Pipp’s vertical racking systems on their grow capabilities.

Pipp’s hosts express gratitude in return, noting that the podcast’s purpose is education and community building, not sales.

The episode closes with mutual respect and a forward-looking commitment to collaboration and ongoing support.

Podcast Episode Summary: 

Featured Guest: Dr. Allison Justice

• Renowned for her research-driven approach to cannabis cultivation and post-harvest science.
• Leads the conversation on smokability, drying/curing, and the importance of data-backed airflow control.
• Brings years of experience and a scientific lens to solving cultivation challenges in a maturing cannabis industry.

Pipp Horticulture x Fog City Farms Collaboration

• Discussion centers around Fog City’s vertical racking system with Fluence LEDs and Pipp airflow tech.
• Focus on multi-tier flower room environments and the complexities of airflow across different canopy levels.
• Dr. Justice provides context on the importance of maintaining environmental consistency across all tiers.

Custom Airflow & Environmental Control

• Use of automated blackout curtains, duct socks, and return air systems to tailor airflow.
• Goal: Improve control over humidity, temperature, and VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit), especially during dry/cure.
• Allison emphasizes the challenge of ensuring airflow reaches lower tiers effectively without over-drying top tiers.

The Science of Smokability

• Dr. Justice shares her passion for exploring what makes a cannabis product "smoke well."
  • Going beyond terpenes and cultivar, and into deeper physiological variables.
  • Inspired by tobacco research—looking into chlorophyll content, sugar levels, etc.
• Acknowledges that in-depth testing is costly and time-intensive, but vital for product quality.

Dry & Cure – The Most Critical Phase

• Dr. Justice discusses how this phase often gets overlooked but has the biggest impact on final product.
• Fog City’s data collection over multiple years has helped them understand how drying conditions affect smokeability.
• Calls for the industry to standardize best practices in this area.

Ongoing Research Trial Series

• This episode marks the beginning of an airflow-focused trial series.
• Allison will return regularly (every 3 months) to share updates and insights.
• Collaborative spirit emphasized between science, engineering, and cultivation.

Final Thoughts

• Dr. Justice highlights the importance of digging deeper into the data and science behind good cannabis.
• Michael and Anders express excitement about pioneering this research and sharing knowledge with the broader community.
• Strong call to continue the conversation and grow the industry’s collective understanding.

Hosts Michael Williamson and Anders Peterson speak with Jon Jirikovec, Crop Specialist at Grodan, about substrate management, irrigation strategy, and cannabis cultivation.

Grodan manufactures stone wool (Rockwool) for hydroponic and soilless cultivation, offering high control and steerability for growers.

Jon shares his journey from retail cannabis work in 2013 to his current role supporting growers across North America.
Grodan emphasizes listening to customer feedback and conducting research with institutes like WUR and CRIC to refine techniques.

The team discusses crop steering and irrigation phases (P1, P2, P3) and how they’ve evolved in cannabis compared to vegetables.

Rockwool offers better control and water efficiency than coco, though it requires more precision; it’s easier to rewet and adjust EC.

Substrate sizing is critical; under-sizing can lead to overly vegetative growth and poor-quality flower (e.g., more C buds).

Transitioning from HPS to LEDs often requires adjustments in substrate volume to avoid over-drying and improve irrigation control.

Case studies show that even novice growers can succeed with Rockwool when supported with tools, data, and proper guidance.

Slab systems offer more forgiveness and better resaturation uniformity than blocks, making them ideal for newer cultivators or limited environments.

Labor efficiency and facility design (e.g., racking height and accessibility) play a key role in productivity and plant health.
Rockwool systems reduce labor and mess compared to cocoa/soil systems, making post-harvest cleanup easier and faster.

There's a trend toward more sustainable, low-EC, low-runoff irrigation strategies to conserve water and nutrients.

Growers in water-restricted regions (e.g., U.S. Virgin Islands) may benefit from Rockwool due to its water efficiency.
The importance of environmental control (e.g., VPD, leaf surface temps) in syncing with substrate performance was emphasized.

Discussion of water circularity systems (e.g., True Zero Corp) that reclaim runoff and reduce operational costs.

Greenhouse vs. indoor production: each has advantages; multi-tier greenhouse cultivation is less common but may suit tight spaces.

Harvest and cleanup timing impacts microbial loads and crop quality; separate these steps to reduce contamination risks.

Transitioning to bulking phase should be based on crop observations (e.g., end of stretch), not arbitrary timelines.
Removing fan leaves too early can lead to foxtailing due to hormonal stress; timing and gradual EC changes are key.

Crop steering is a spectrum, not a binary approach—subtle adjustments help maintain plant health and yield.
Under-canopy lighting improves consistency in A/B grade flower but is not always necessary with good canopy and lighting strategy.

Common Rockwool mistakes include letting blocks dry too much before irrigation and using undersized substrates.
Substrate strategy should align with veg time, plant count limits, and business goals.
Discussion teases future episodes on “synganic” growing—blending salt-based fertigation with organic additives for better terpene expression.

Grodan is exploring microbial steering and root-zone microbiome strategies for added performance.